The significance of artificial intelligence in national security protection

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a key technological tool in national security, enabling significant improvements in data processing, threat analysis, and decision support. Its application to the security structures of the Republic of Serbia potentially contributes to greater efficiency and precision in preventing and detecting terrorist activities, organised crime, cyber-attacks, and other security threats. It gains particular significance in big data analysis, where it enables the identification of patterns and indicators of potential threats, thereby facilitating a proactive, timely response. Within special investigative measures - such as electronic surveillance, covert tracking, video surveillance, simulated transactions, controlled deliveries, and clandestine investigations - the application of AI can significantly increase efficiency and reduce operational risk. The paper analyses key areas of AI application in the context of national security, the technological and institutional challenges in its implementation, and the relevant ethical and legal aspects. The work aims to highlight the importance of integrating contemporary AI solutions into existing security systems and to contribute to the strategic planning of national security development in the digital age.