Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection, with primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary clinical stages. Its vertical transmission from pregnant women to the fetus constitutes gestational syphilis, responsible for severe perinatal outcomes. Early diagnosis and adequate prenatal care are essential for prevention. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of gestational syphilis in Brazil between 2014 and 2024, with emphasis on regional, sociodemographic, and clinical aspects. Descriptive study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from DATASUS. Variables analyzed included region, race/skin color, age, education, and clinical forms of syphilis (primary and latent). Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test, with p 0.05). Among treponemal tests, 78.7% were reactive, and 11.8% were not performed (p < 0.05). The data show higher vulnerability among young and mixed-race women, along with underreporting and incomplete records, even among pregnant women with completed secondary education. These results reinforce the need to strengthen educational interventions and comprehensive prenatal care strategies, highlighting early and complete testing. The high positivity in treponemal tests underscores their importance in screening and diagnosis. Intensifying prevention campaigns and expanding access to qualified prenatal care are crucial.
Treml et al. (Sun,) studied this question.