Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its clinical manifestation, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), are a global public health challenge. Young people play a strategic role in prevention and are a public health concern. The objective was to analyze the profile and temporal pattern of AIDS cases in Brazilian youth reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2013 and 2024. Mixed ecological study analyzing AIDS cases in youth (15–29 years) reported in SINAN in Brazil, 2013–2024. Data were exported to Microsoft Excel®, and proportions by sex, skin color, schooling, exposure category, and regions were calculated. Joinpoint analysis was used for temporal trends of cases per 100,000 inhabitants with significance p < 0.05. In the study period, 7,718 AIDS cases were reported in Brazil. Of these, 71.2% were male, 48.8% declared mixed-race, 34.9% had completed high school, and 47.2% reported homosexual behavior. Most cases were residents of the Southeast (37.9%). The male:female ratio peaked in 2021 at 2.5:1. Joinpoint analysis showed a significant annual reduction of 6.1% (95% CI: −8.1 to −3.7; p = 0.001) from 2013 to 2022 and 39.2% (95% CI: −51.5 to −22.7; p < 0.001) from 2022 to 2024 in reported HIV cases among Brazilian youth. In the analyzed period, reported AIDS among Brazilian youth was more prevalent in males, mixed-race individuals, with high school completion, and with homosexual behavior as the main exposure factor. The higher number of cases in the Southeast and the increase in the male:female ratio highlight regional and gender inequalities. A significant downward temporal trend was observed, with a sharper decline in the most recent period, reinforcing the need for targeted public policies focusing on combination prevention and youth-specific strategies, especially for MSM, considering the sociodemographic and regional characteristics identified.
Freiberger et al. (Sun,) studied this question.