Sustainable Congo red (CR) and hexavalent chromium Cr( vi ) removal using graphene functionalized aminated lignin composite: mechanistic and reusability insights

Key Points

• To investigate the effectiveness of a graphene-aminated lignin composite in removing Congo Red and hexavalent chromium from wastewater.
• Developed a graphene-aminated lignin composite (MG–AL) for wastewater treatment.
• Assessed mechanisms involved in removal, including chemisorption and functionalization.
• Tested reusability of the composite across multiple cycles.
• Achieved dual removal of Cr(vi) and Congo Red from wastewater.
• Demonstrated high chemisorption efficiency due to amine functionalization.
• Composite showed excellent reusability, maintaining performance over multiple uses.