Evaluating urban mobility transitions is essential to determine whether local transport interventions support broader sustainability goals. Cities increasingly implement initiatives to promote public transport, active mobility, and low-carbon transport systems. Still, assessing their impact on city-scale structural change remains challenging. Existing evaluation approaches often rely on project-level monitoring or fragmented indicators, which limits cross-city comparison and the assessment of long-term system transformation. This paper proposes a dual-track methodology to evaluate sustainable urban mobility interventions. The first track uses city-defined key performance indicators to capture local implementation processes, governance dynamics, and perceived outcomes. The second track relies on publicly available open data to assess city-scale changes in mobility indicators, including public transport accessibility, cycling infrastructure provision, and traffic-related air pollution. The methodology is applied to ten European cities using open data and satellite-based environmental indicators. Results indicate that while cities report progress at the project level, external indicators show limited short-term structural change in city-wide mobility systems. These findings highlight the value of open data as an independent evaluation layer that contextualises local results and supports transparent assessment of urban mobility transitions.
Cuartas-Micieces et al. (Mon,) studied this question.