Patent foramen ovale is associated with rare left-sided valve involvement in carcinoid heart disease, but its impact on disease progression and prognosis remains poorly understood.
Does patent foramen ovale impact valve disease progression and prognosis in patients with carcinoid heart disease?
Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%
Carcinoid heart disease (CaHD) typically affects right-sided valves. Rarely, CaHD affecting left-sided valves has been observed in the setting of patent foramen ovale (PFO). However, the impact of PFO on valve disease progression and prognosis in CaHD is not well understood.
Scalia et al. (Sun,) reported a other. Patent foramen ovale is associated with rare left-sided valve involvement in carcinoid heart disease, but its impact on disease progression and prognosis remains poorly understood.