ABSTRACT Piezoelectric actuators exhibit dependency of the output displacement on the rate of change of the applied input voltage. In this paper, a new rate‐dependent hysteresis (dynamic hysteresis) model for piezoelectric actuators is proposed. The proposed dynamic hysteresis model can accurately approximate the hysteretic characteristics of the system when the input signal frequency changes. Subsequently, based on the dynamic hysteresis model, a novel non‐smooth Kalman filter (NKF) is designed for sandwich systems with dynamic hysteresis so as to estimate system states. This method can automatically switch between linear area and memory area according to operating state. Additionally, the stability of the proposed non‐smooth Kalman filter is discussed. Finally, experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed state estimation method.
Li et al. (Mon,) studied this question.