A high-performance reversible data hiding scheme based on vector projection algorithm

Embedding capacity and image quality are two critical performance metrics for reversible data hiding schemes. In this paper, we propose a high-performance reversible data hiding scheme that achieves substantial improvements in these aspects. In addition, the proposed scheme provides considerable security. Firstly, the image pixels are arranged into original sequences, which are then projected onto the nearest basis vector using the vector projection algorithm. Then, one bit is embedded into the sequence by comparing the difference between the projection and the corresponding basis vector. Moreover, owing to the orthogonality of the selected vectors, most elements are mutually neutralized during the multi-layer embedding process, thereby enabling high embedding performance even at large data capacities. Finally, since the optimal vectors in the proposed method are dynamically determined, the security of the reversible data hiding scheme is significantly enhanced. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves large data embedding capacity while maintaining high image quality, and also exhibits security performance. Code is available at https://github.com/wxy123456-oss/VP-RDH