Smallholder farm systems in Ghana face challenges related to reliability and sustainability, necessitating methodological advancements for their assessment. The study utilizes Difference-in-Differences (DiD) models with robust standard errors to analyse farm systems' performance over time, incorporating specific data from to. A significant proportion of farms showed improvement in operational efficiency following a targeted intervention, indicated by a Difference-in-Differences coefficient of 0. 65 with 95% confidence interval (0. 45, 0. 85). The DiD model effectively quantifies system reliability and highlights the impact of interventions on smallholder farm performance. Future research should expand the study to include additional variables and regions for a more comprehensive understanding of farm system reliability in Ghana. Smallholder farms, Difference-in-Differences (DiD), System Reliability, Agricultural Policy
Osei et al. (2014) studied this question.