Micromobility (e-scooters, e-bikes, cargo bikes, and other emerging vehicle types) is one of the most rapidly evolving components of modern urban mobility. This requires its comprehensive reflection in transport planning methodologies and tools. Design approaches and modelling tools in transport planning remain insufficiently adapted to the unique technical requirements of micromobility, despite the increasing adoption of diverse vehicle types in urban environments. This research evaluates design methodologies and modelling tools through a systematic comparison framework, encompassing strategic network analysis, operational system design, multimodal integration, and infrastructure needs. The study assesses nine widely used transport modelling platforms, categorising them into three types: network-oriented macroscopic tools, vehicle-oriented microsimulation platforms, and behaviour-oriented agent-based approaches. The finding reveals consistent limitations across design approaches and modelling paradigms: persistent bicycle-centrism in technical parameters, insufficient representation of micromobility vehicle diversity, inadequate frameworks for spatial behaviour modelling, and limited capabilities for multimodal integration without extensive customisation. These limitations reflect broader conceptual constraints that treat diverse micromobility vehicles as bicycle variants rather than distinct transport modes with unique operational characteristics. The Enhanced Capability Heat Map provides transportation professionals with a structured framework for selecting appropriate tools based on specific planning requirements while identifying enhancement priorities for comprehensive micromobility support. This research contributes to a methodological framework for evaluating modelling approaches and practical guidance for addressing the technical challenges of incorporating micromobility into transport planning processes.
Perov et al. (Thu,) studied this question.