Healthcare Utilization among Laborers: Global Perspectives and Local Insights from the UAE – A Narrative Review

Background: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a diverse and predominantly expatriate workforce, many of whom are laborers exposed to occupational hazards and vulnerable to health inequities. Although the country has significantly expanded healthcare access through insurance mandates and infrastructure development, there remains a noticeable gap in understanding how laborers actually utilize these services, especially aging workers at greater risk for chronic diseases. Notably, no comprehensive peer-reviewed studies have yet examined healthcare utilization among this key demographic in the UAE. Purpose: This narrative review seeks to fill a critical gap in the literature by synthesizing available evidence on healthcare utilization among laborers in the UAE. It explores the factors that facilitate or hinder access and engagement with healthcare services, with a focus on aging laborers. Methodology: A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and grey literature was conducted to identify studies from 2005 to 2023 related to healthcare access and utilization among laborers in the UAE. A total of 85 records were reviewed. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were considered, alongside relevant policy reports and academic articles. Data were extracted on utilization behaviors, enablers, and barriers. Results: Findings indicate that health insurance coverage, proximity to clinics, and employer-supported initiatives are key facilitators. Major barriers include language difficulties, high out-of-pocket costs for medications, lack of regular healthcare providers, and long working hours. Preventive care services remain underutilized, and chronic condition management is inconsistent, particularly for older laborers. Conclusions: While the UAE has made notable strides in improving health system access, targeted efforts are needed to strengthen service continuity and promote healthy aging among laborers. Addressing structural barriers and encouraging preventive care use are the next essential steps. Contributions to the Field: This review contributes to the field by synthesizing existing knowledge on labor healthcare utilization in a unique socio-economic context. It provides a foundation for future research and policymaking aimed at integrating labor health into national health agendas, especially in countries with high migrant labor populations.