Aim and background: Infertility is a major global health concern worldwide.Female infertility is multifactorial, with contributions from ovarian dysfunction, tubal disease, uterine pathology, endocrine abnormalities, infections, and genetic factors.This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and etiological distribution of female-factor infertility across diverse Indian populations and evaluate associated sociodemographic determinants.Materials and methods: A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 years across 17 tertiary centers in India.A total of 2,419 infertile couples (1 year of infertility) were enrolled using consecutive sampling.Standardized evaluations included clinical examination, body mass index (BMI) assessment, pelvic ultrasonography, hormonal profiling when indicated, premenstrual endometrial biopsy, hysterosalpingography, and diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected tubal blockage.Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.Results: Among 2,419 couples, primary infertility accounted for 77.6% and secondary infertility for 22.4%.Female-factor infertility contributed to 37.0% of cases, followed by male (27.3%), unexplained (26.0%), and combined factors (9.7%).Ovarian causes were the most common female etiology (51.2%), followed by tubal (25.3%), uterine (10.2%), endocrine (7.1%), infectious (4.1%), and cervical factors (0.4%).Primary infertility was significantly more common among women aged 20-30 years (p = 0.001).Body mass index showed no significant association with infertility type or etiology.Conclusion: Female infertility in India is multifactorial, with ovarian and tubal factors predominating.Primary infertility is more frequent in younger women.Clinical significance: Comprehensive, early evaluation of female partners remains essential for timely diagnosis and targeted management.
Kumar et al. (Fri,) studied this question.