This paper proposes a unified, readable, and computable representation framework for natural-science knowledge. It defines each knowledge point as a propositional node and assigns three mutually orthogonal labels to every node: abstraction level, evidential status, and historical status. Relations between propositions are represented by 11 logical types, each accompanied by a minimal natural-language explanation and traceable source. The paper also provides standard subgraph templates for induction, hypothesis–deduction–test cycles, prerequisite chains, historical supersession, and theory-to-practice mapping, showing how common reasoning structures in natural-science textbooks and research papers can be encoded in a traceable and structurally verifiable way.
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Yoshiaki Ikematsu
Film Independent
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Analyzing shared references across papers
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Yoshiaki Ikematsu (Sat,) studied this question.
synapsesocial.com/papers/69bf899af665edcd009e95ad — DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19135873