What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate the relationship between second-hand smoke exposure and different asthma endotypes among Puerto Rican youth.

March 25, 2026Open Access

Persistent exposure to second-hand smoke and asthma endotypes in a study of Puerto Rican youth

Key Points

To investigate the relationship between second-hand smoke exposure and different asthma endotypes among Puerto Rican youth.
Analyzed asthma endotypes based on exposure to second-hand smoke
Measured airway hyperresponsiveness and immunoglobulin E levels
Used epidemiological data from Puerto Rican youth
Found distinct asthma endotypes significantly associated with prolonged second-hand smoke exposure
Identified increased airway hyperresponsiveness in youth exposed to second-hand smoke
Observed higher levels of immunoglobulin E among adolescents with heavy exposure to second-hand smoke

Abstract

Abbreviations 25(OH)D= 25-hydroxyvitamin D AHR= airway hyperresponsiveness ASM= airway smooth muscle CI= confidence interval CLCA1= chloride channel, calcium-activated, family member 1 CSF3= colony-stimulating factor 3 CXCL1= C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 ED= emergency department EVA-PR= Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans FEV1= forced expiratory volume in 1 second FVC= forced vital capacity IgE= immunoglobulin E IL= interleukin OR= odds ratio PM2.5= particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less NFE2L2= nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 POSTN= periostin PR-GOAL= Puerto Rico Genetics of Asthma and

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