Fractals are complex geometric patterns whose structure look similar at different scales of magnification. Examples of fractals in astrophysics are diverse: the cosmic microwave background (CMB) or the distribution of matter in the universe show patterns consistent with fractals. A major outstanding challenge in cosmology is the discrepancy between the Hubble constant obtained from early and late universe measurements — the Hubble tension. By examining cosmological evolution through the lens of information growth within a black hole, we demonstrate the emergence of two distinct fractal growth processes characterizing the early and late universe epochs. These fractal patterns induce space expansion rates of (62.79 ± 4.56) Km/s/Mpc and (70.07 ± 0.39) Km/s/Mpc, remarkably close to current values of the Hubble constants involved in the tension. Such a result suggest that the Hubble tension arises not from unexpected large-scale structures or multiple unrelated measurement errors, but rather from innate properties underlying the universe dynamics.
Juan Luis Cabrera Fernández (Mon,) studied this question.