Industry 4.0 has driven digital transformation in industrial environments by integrating technologies like the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), enabling process automation, product traceability, and data-driven decision-making. However, its adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and educational contexts is limited by challenges such as a lack of interoperability between systems, budget constraints, and insufficient technological infrastructure. This situation highlights the need for accessible, replicable, and technically feasible solutions for resource-constrained environments. In response to this issue, an IIoT architecture was developed and applied to a didactic industrial plant in a university Industrial Engineering laboratory. The solution integrates sensors and actuators, including Near-Field Communication (NFC) for traceability, with Fischertechnik TXT 1.0 controllers, an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system –specifically, Odoo v18–, an Odoo broker, and a visualization platform based on Node-RED, all connected through the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. This architecture was experimentally validated as a technically viable and replicable model for automation and traceability in educational environments related to logistics and manufacturing processes within the framework of Industry 4.0.
Madera-Bermeo et al. (Thu,) studied this question.