Advancements in polymer-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage: a systematic review

Phase change materials (PCMs) are recognized for their ability to absorb and release substantial latent heat, making them essential for enhancing energy storage density and thermal regulation. Polymeric PCMs have attracted considerable attention owing to their versatility and broad application potential. This systematic review, covering the literature from January 2019 to August 2024, followed the PRISMA methodology to investigate the evolving roles of polymers in PCM systems, including their use as shells, matrices, coatings, and core materials. The classification is based on synthesis techniques, thermal properties, and application areas. Key findings indicated that in situ emulsion polymerization is the most effective method, offering improved thermal stability and uniform encapsulation. Polymers, such as polyethylene glycol and polystyrene, have emerged as dominant materials owing to their favorable thermal properties and compatibility with various PCMs. Additionally, nanocomposite strategies significantly enhance the thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, expanding their applicability in building materials and thermal management systems. This review also addresses existing challenges and outlines future research directions. These insights aim to support innovations in polymeric PCM design and accelerate the development of sustainable energy storage solutions.