Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) training often lacks structured skill-based education. Airway management errors can result in significant morbidity. We hypothesized that a structured simulation bootcamp could enhance knowledge, confidence, and behavioral skills in pediatric trainees. Methods: We conducted a 1-day hybrid simulation bootcamp at Aga Khan University in collaboration with PediSTARS India. Eighteen participants (4 fellows, 8 residents, 6 nurses) completed four high-fidelity airway simulations, including intubation, tracheostomy dislodgment, upper airway obstruction, and mediastinal mass. Faculty underwent two months of training. Pre- and post-bootcamp assessments measured knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction. Evaluation followed Kirkpatrick’s levels 1–3: reaction, learning, and behavior. Results: Participants’ knowledge scores increased by 45% (pre: 30.2%, post: 75.2%, p<.001). Confidence scores improved by 38%. The most reported skills gained were bag-mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and rapid sequence intubation. Satisfaction and confidence ratings were 4.8 and 4.6 out of 5, respectively. Behavioral improvements included faster equipment preparation and oxygen delivery. Eighty-one percent valued Crisis Resource Management, and 94% cited improved teamwork and communication. Conclusions: The first hybrid PCCM simulation bootcamp in Pakistan led to significant gains in knowledge, confidence, and team behavior. The Kirkpatrick model proved useful in evaluating outcomes. Our findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of simulation-based training in LMICs and encourage further adoption and longitudinal assessment.
Ishaque et al. (Sun,) studied this question.