What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to evaluate the clinical performance of two different self-etching adhesive systems and a self-adhesive composite in treating occlusal pits and fissures in permanent molars for pediatric patients.

March 26, 2026Open Access

Comparative Evaluation of the Clinical Performance of Two-step and One-step Self-etching Adhesive Systems and Self-etching Self-adhesive Composite in Permanent Molars in Pediatric Patients: A Three-arm Parallel Randomized Clinical Study

Key Points

The study aims to evaluate the clinical performance of two different self-etching adhesive systems and a self-adhesive composite in treating occlusal pits and fissures in permanent molars for pediatric patients.
Conducted a three-arm parallel randomized clinical study in pediatric patients.
Compared one-step and two-step self-etching adhesive systems with a self-etching self-adhesive composite.
Evaluated clinical performance based on caries development and adhesion quality.
Found differences in effectiveness between the adhesive systems in preventing carious lesions.
Highlighted the increased vulnerability of occlusal pits and fissures to microbial colonization.
Reported that occlusal surfaces are significantly more prone to caries in the studied population.

Abstract

IntroductIonOcclusal pits and fissures on permanent teeth are particularly vulnerable to dental caries. 1 This increased susceptibility is largely due to the physical size and intricate morphology of these areas, which create ideal environments for microbial colonization and hinder effective cleaning.These "sheltered" sites are especially challenging to maintain in newly erupted teeth, leading to greater plaque accumulation. 2Epidemiological data reveals that although occlusal surfaces constitute only 12.5% of all tooth surfaces, they account for over two-thirds of carious lesions in children. 3 While fluoride-both systemic and topical-has been widely employed

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