From an All-Estate Higher School to a Theological School: State–church Governance of the Moscow Slavonic–greek–latin Academy Under Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine Ii

The article examines the legal status and evolving ministerial subordination of the Moscow Academy within the framework of imperial acts and ecclesiastical governance. It demonstrates how judicial autonomy, financial provisioning, and estate-based policies redirected the institution from an all-estate model toward a confessional school while maintaining a high scholarly standard and public mission. The study analyzes charter principles, allocation of competences, and property management practices that reflected a state-oriented modernization of Russian education. It concludes that the Academy’s traditions were transferred into the renewed system of theological education while preserving their relevance for national culture.