Conclusion: uNGAL and uNAP levels each showed independent and mutually reinforcing positive associations with all-cause mortality, particularly among patients with uAPR <40%, highlighting the role of tubulointerstitial injury in mortality risk assessment in CKD.These findings suggest that integrated evaluation of uNGAL, uNAP, and uAPR may provide practical clinical utility in the routine management of CKD.I have no potential conflict of interest to disclose.I did not use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
Lin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.