This study establishes experimentally grounded circumferential thermal criteria for heat-shrinkable crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) joint casings by coupling DSC-defined thermal activation with through-thickness thermal lag measured under trench-constrained irradiation. The activation temperature was identified as 140 °C from DSC, while an upper bound of the allowable outer-surface temperature was set to avoid thermal damage during installation. Full-scale temperature mapping revealed persistent circumferential non-uniformity caused by geometric line-of-sight limitations and inter-module gap regions, where the outer-surface temperature remained approximately 10–15 °C lower than directly irradiated locations, and the inner surface exhibited a delayed response due to the low thermal conductivity of PEX. Based on these observations, a two-stage heating sequence—an initial high-power stage followed by a reduced-power soaking stage—was experimentally derived to satisfy dual constraints: achieving inner-surface activation (≥140 °C) while maintaining the outer surface below the conservative outer-surface upper bound (~280 °C) and reducing circumferential temperature differences without surface overheating. Comparative joint tests confirmed that the proposed thermal criteria and sequence promote stable interfacial bonding and cohesive failure in the mastic layer, yielding higher repeatability and smaller strength scatter than conventional manual torch heating. The proposed framework provides experimentally grounded thermal criteria and a transferable procedure for designing heating conditions for heat-shrinkable polymer casing systems under constrained field environments.
Jang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.