ABSTRACT Aim To critically evaluate the historical evolution and current landscape of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions and advocate for a globally harmonised classification that improves diagnostic consistency and outcome prediction. Methods This narrative review synthesises recent literature from 1967 to 2025 on BPD definitions, including major classification systems such as the NICHD and Jensen et al. criteria. Comparative studies evaluating diagnostic consistency and predictive validity are examined alongside emerging trends such as physiological testing and AI‐supported prognostic models. Results Current definitions of BPD vary considerably across institutions and countries, leading to inconsistencies in diagnosis, treatment and research outcomes. The Jensen classification, based on respiratory support level at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, has demonstrated superior predictive value for long‐term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, broader global validation is lacking. Variability in diagnostic criteria complicates multicentre studies and limits the implementation of uniform follow‐up protocols. Conclusion A unified, objective and outcome‐oriented BPD definition is urgently needed to guide clinical care, enable reliable research comparisons and inform policy. Integration of physiologic markers, machine learning models and international collaboration through networks such as iNeo and NeoPROM may facilitate the development of a globally applicable standard.
Çeri et al. (Wed,) studied this question.