Abstract The interplanetary environment exerts a persistent influence on the Earth system under both geomagnetic disturbed and quiet conditions. Multi‐day oscillations in thermospheric mass density (TMD) are an important signature of this influence. However, the impact of interplanetary environment variability is often confounded with the contributions from recurrent geomagnetic disturbances. We use a deep learning model to extract and reconstruct TMD variability from CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload observations and simulate multi‐day oscillations. Ablation experiments show that interplanetary environment variability alone can produce multi‐day TMD oscillations. The interaction of interplanetary environment variability with other drivers further shapes the oscillation patterns. The multi‐day TMD oscillations driven by interplanetary environment variability exhibit marked latitudinal and longitudinal dependence. In particular, the 9‐day TMD oscillations are stronger over the regions with Weddell Sea Anomaly like enhancement. Similar spatial features and seasonal dependence suggest that regions significantly influenced using dynamic processes are more susceptible to external forcing.
Li et al. (Sun,) studied this question.