Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most influential technologies of the modern world. It is widely used in areas such as healthcare, finance, education, transportation, and communication. While AI systems can improve efficiency and solve complex problems, they also raise important ethical concerns. Issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, privacy risks, and the potential replacement of human labour have prompted scholars to question how AI should be developed and used responsibly. One way to examine the ethical challenges of AI is through classical moral philosophy. Although these philosophical theories were developed long before modern technologies, they still provide valuable tools for evaluating contemporary ethical issues. Two particularly relevant approaches are utilitarianism and virtue ethics. Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their consequences and seeks to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Virtue ethics, by contrast, focuses on the character and moral responsibilities of individuals. This article explores how these two philosophical perspectives can help address AI ethics. It first discusses major ethical concerns associated with AI. It then examines the key ideas of utilitarianism and virtue ethics and their relevance to AI development. The article argues that utilitarianism helps evaluate the social consequences of AI technologies, while virtue ethics guides the ethical behaviour of developers and institutions. Together, these frameworks offer a balanced approach to responsible AI governance.
Sk. Nijamatulla (Sun,) studied this question.