Systematic inconsistency in human and machine scoring of indices of malocclusion: the “Lazy-S Curve”

Key Points

• To explore the differences in scoring malocclusion indices between human orthodontists and machine systems.
• Systematic comparison of human and machine scoring of malocclusion indices.
• Analysis of occlusal characteristics evaluated by orthodontists and machines.
• Evaluation of judgment features used in scoring malocclusion.
• Identified systematic inconsistencies in scoring between human and machine measurements.
• Found that inconsistencies might be due to the judgment styles of orthodontists rather than flaws in either method.