Mission Bhagiratha is one of the most ambitious state-level drinking water infrastructure projects undertaken in India, aiming to provide safe, treated surface water to every household in Telangana through an integrated pipeline network. The project represents a paradigm shift from groundwater-dependent rural water supply to a centralized, surface-water-based distribution system. This paper presents a scientific and geographical analysis of Mission Bhagiratha by examining its spatial design, hydrological sourcing, physiographic constraints, infrastructural layout, and socio-environmental impacts. Using concepts from physical geography, hydrology, and human geography, the study evaluates how terrain, river basins, settlement patterns, and climatic conditions have influenced the planning and implementation of the project. The paper also critically assesses challenges related to spatial equity, sustainability, and long-term water security in a semi-arid region experiencing increasing climate variability
Goud et al. (Fri,) studied this question.