Coinfection between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) remains poorly investigated in the Northern Region of Brazil despite its clinically important condition. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and describe the epidemiological and behavioral risk factors for HCV/HTLV-1/2 coinfection in Belém, Pará. This observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study analyzed 192 samples from patients previously diagnosed with HCV: 127 participants recruited between May 2023 and June 2025 and 65 samples previously stored in the Virology Laboratory of UFPA. Data were collected through a structured survey. Serological screening for HTLV-1/2 was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by INNO-LIA and molecular biology (qPCR). HCV/HTLV-1/2 coinfection was observed in 4 individuals (2.1%), of whom 1.6% had HCV/HTLV-1 coinfection and 0.5% HCV/HTLV-2. There was no statistically significant association when comparing the sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, or risk factors of HCV monoinfected and HCV/HTLV-1/2 coinfected individuals. Although the results show a low prevalence of HTLV-1/2 and HCV coinfection in Belém do Pará, they still reinforce the importance of including HTLV in testing protocols for patients with hepatitis C in the North region of Brazil.
Sousa et al. (Thu,) studied this question.