With the population aging rapidly, the impact of the indoor environment on the physiological health and satisfaction of the elderly is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, it is essential to study the instant relationship between the indoor environment, physiological responses, and subjective experience. This study firstly conducted field‐based synchronous monitoring in elderly buildings, utilizing a high‐frequency protocol to construct a spatiotemporally aligned dataset of environmental exposure and immediate cardiovascular indicators. Then, the entropy weight method was employed to assess the influence of environment parameters on subjective evaluations, and linear mixed models were utilized to quantify the acute effects and interactive mechanisms of environment parameters on cardiovascular load. Lastly, the two‐step clustering method was applied to identify and classify the differentiated acute responses of elderly individuals under various environmental exposures, establishing personalized profiles linked to autonomic sensitivity and sensory impairment. The results indicate that different environment parameters demonstrate distinct short‐term associations with subjective comfort and objective physiological measures. Data analysis reveals that noise is closely associated with subjective comfort evaluation, while elevated temperature and humidity show a significant correlation with immediate increases in cardiovascular load. Further analysis identifies heterogeneity in acute responses to environmental stimuli, where noise tolerance and subjective perception are moderated by individual characteristics. This study provides scientific evidence for optimizing indoor environments, contributing to precision health management for the elderly.
Lv et al. (Thu,) studied this question.