Abstract Background: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare primary liver malignancy affecting predominantly adolescents and young adults, with high recurrence rates even after complete macroscopic resection. Traditionally, surgical intervention alone was largely considered the only curative strategy. Research in recent years suggests the role of systemic therapy, however no consensus guidelines currently exist. This study evaluates progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after surgery, while incorporating stage, type of therapy, and resection margin status as prognostic factors. This is the first study to evaluate outcomes associated with maintenance/adjuvant therapy following surgical resection in a real-world FLC cohort. Methods: We analyzed 207 patients with FLC who underwent surgical resection in a retrospective multicenter dataset. Adjuvant systemic therapy was categorized as “none,” “chemotherapy,” or “immunotherapy.” Endpoints included PFS and OS calculated from date of surgery. Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests assessed unadjusted differences. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the independent effects of therapy type, stage (Localized = Stage 1, Regional = Stages 2 Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 874.
Golian et al. (Fri,) studied this question.