This study examines income and wealth inequality across Indian states, analyzing its extent, regional patterns, and structural determinants. Using data on the Top 10% income share across 20 states, the research applies statistical tools including percentage analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion, ANOVA, Chi-Square test, Lorenz Curve, and Gini Coefficient. The findings reveal that income inequality is widespread, persistent, and regionally differentiated. The overall average income share of the top 10% stands at approximately 48.15%, with a Gini Coefficient of 0.34, indicating moderate-to-high inequality. Western and Eastern regions display the highest concentration levels, while North-Eastern states show relatively lower inequality. Trend analysis spanning 2020 to 2026 confirms a consistent upward trajectory across all regions. The study concludes that inequality in India is structural and closely linked to patterns of industrial development and regional policy. Policy recommendations include inclusive growth strategies, progressive taxation, regional development programs, and social welfare expansion.
Balaji et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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