What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to evaluate medication adherence to antidiabetic therapy among individuals with tuberculosis and diabetes while identifying barriers to adherence.

April 7, 2026Open Access

Medication Adherence to Antidiabetic Therapy Among Patients With Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Ratlam District, Madhya Pradesh, India: A Facility-Based, Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Key Points

The study aims to evaluate medication adherence to antidiabetic therapy among individuals with tuberculosis and diabetes while identifying barriers to adherence.
Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at two TB facilities in Ratlam district.
Participating adults over 18 with newly diagnosed TB and diabetes were surveyed using a structured questionnaire.
Data collection occurred from January to December 2023, focusing on self-reported medication adherence.
Out of 135 respondents, 59.3% demonstrated low adherence to antidiabetic therapy.
Major barriers reported included financial constraints (36.1%), medication side effects (26.2%), and treatment complexity (18.3%).
The majority (78.5%) obtained antidiabetic medications from government institutions.

Abstract

Background and objective Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus frequently co-occur in India and complicate the management of both conditions. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on adherence to antidiabetic therapy among adults receiving TB care at district-level public health facilities. This study aimed to assess the levels of medication adherence and identify patient-reported barriers among adults with TB and diabetes attending two TB facilities in Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods The facility-based cross-sectional descriptive study was derived from a parent research project conducted between January 2023 and December 2023 at the District Tuberculosis Centre and the TB Clinic of Government Medical College, Ratlam. Consenting adults aged over 18 years with newly diagnosed TB and coexisting diabetes were eligible. A pretested, structured questionnaire containing adherence and self-management items was used to collect data, and the current manuscript presents descriptive statistics. Results Out of the 135 respondents, 88 (65.2%) were men. The largest age group was 61 to 70 years (41.5%). Adherence to antidiabetic therapy was found to be low (80 participants, 59.3%), moderate (35 participants, 25.9%), and high (20 participants, 14.8%). Financial constraints (36.1%), medication side effects (26.2%), and the complexity of treatment regimens (18.3%) were the most commonly reported barriers to adherence. The majority of the participants received antidiabetic medicines in government institutions (78.5%). Conclusions The lack of adherence to antidiabetic therapy was widespread among adults with TB and diabetes in this setting. The most common barriers reported were financial barriers, adverse effects, and regimen complexity. These results support the need for improved adherence measurement and practical assistance in combined TB-diabetes care, and larger analytical studies are needed to identify independent determinants of nonadherence.

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