Version note (v2.0, 2026-04-06): This release updates editorial consistency across the Phase-Model series (Papers 01–13), including reference formatting, author-name normalization, and removal of local-path citation strings. The core model claims and rejection logic are unchanged unless explicitly stated below. This preprint proposes a phase-gradient closure model for dark energy. The framework links coarse-grained phase-field moments to effective density and pressure terms, derives an observable equation-of-state evolution, and defines explicit reject criteria under joint SN Ia, BAO, and CMB-constrained assimilation.
Yoshida (Mon,) studied this question.