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Many classical cryptographic techniques are breakable due to the quantum computing security threats, and it leads to design public key cryptography based on post-quantum cryptography primitives and security protocols. In recent years, Lattice-Based Cryptography (LBC) becomes a prominent post-quantum cryptographic primitive that can be applied in both traditional and emerging security domains, including encryption, key agreement, digital signature and homomorphic encryption. In this article, we first provide a LBC-based security framework using aggregate signature that can be applied in ambient intelligence-assisted blockchain-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications, called LAS-AIBIoT. In LAS-AIBIoT, the wearable/medical devices deployed in the patients' body securely send the sensing secret data (encrypted messages) with their respective lattice-based signatures to their nearby controller nodes (CN), where the CNs forward these secret messages to the attached aggregator node (Aggr). Each Aggr verifies the individual signature of the devices and constructs the aggregate signature on the received secret messages and signatures, and sends the aggregated secret messages with their aggregate signature to the cloud server(s) for block construction in the blockchain center. Through the consensus protocol, the block is then mined and added into the blokchain. We show the robustness of LAS-AIBIoT against various potential attacks including quantum computing security threats through the threat model discussed in this article. Finally, through the blockchain-based simulation study we show that LAS-AIBIoT can be applied for real-time ambient intelligence-assisted IoT applications.
Bagchi et al. (Wed,) studied this question.