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Essential oil vapors obtained by the hydrodistillation of Prangos ferulacea (Umbelliferae) were tested on the different stages of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and egg parasitoid Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Extracts of the volatile fractions from P. ferulacea were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major compound of the essential oil was detected as 2, 3, 6-trimethyl benzaldehyde (66. 59%) and the minor compound was heneicosane (0. 02%). The third instar larvae of E. kuehniella (LC₅₀: 379. 662 µL L^-1 air and LC₉₉: 538. 755 µL L^-1 air) and the pupal stage of T. embryophagum (LC₅₀: 5. 947 µL L^-1 air and LC₉₉: 19. 568 µL L^-1 air) were found to be the most tolerant stages. The essential oil was toxic to the adult stages of both the pest and its parasitoid with 100% mortality obtained after 24 h at 1. 0 and 0. 25 µL L^-1 air, respectively. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₉ values of the essential oil against the egg stages of E. kuehniella and T. embryophagum were 320. 372-486. 839 µL L^-1 air and 2. 121-5. 662 µL L^-1 air, respectively. In general, the mortality rate increased with the increasing concentration of essential oil. The results of the study indicated that essential oil of P. ferulacea should be used as a control agent against E. kuehniella for an integrated pest management program.
Ercan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.