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We investigated the relationship between personal control–employees' perceptions of autonomy and impact at work–and voice–employees' expression of challenging but constructive work-related opinions, concerns, or ideas. Specifically, we developed and tested an explanation that integrates two conceptual perspectives (i.e., dissatisfaction-based versus expectancy-based) on the effects of personal control. Using data from 586 nurses, we found that the relationship between personal control and voice was U-shaped. Further, organizational identification acted as a moderator: When personal control was low, voice was lower for employees with stronger identification. When personal control was high, voice was higher for employees with stronger identification.
Tangirala et al. (Mon,) studied this question.