Excited state radiationless decay process with Duschinsky rotation effect: Formalism and implementation

Duschinsky rotation effect is a simple and effective way to characterize the difference between the ground state and excited state potential energy surfaces. For complex molecules, harmonic oscillator model is still the practical way to describe the dynamics of excited states. Based on the first-order perturbation theory a la Fermi golden rule, the authors have applied the path integral of Gaussian type for the correlation function to derive an analytic formalism to calculate the internal conversion rate process with Duschinsky rotation effect being taken into account. The validity of their formalism is verified through comparison with previous work, both analytically for the case of neglecting Duschinsky rotation and numerically for the ethylene molecules with two-mode mixing. Their expression is derived for multimode mixing.