Treatment Effects on Chronic Active Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Key Points

• The aim is to enhance understanding of treatment effects on chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis through improved study designs.
• Proposed prospective longitudinal study designs
• Use of multimodal imaging techniques
• Adoption of standardized imaging protocols
• Inclusion of CAL-specific endpoints
• Need for better-defined treatment effects on compartmentalized inflammation
• Highlighting the importance of standardization in future research
• Potential to improve the understanding of chronic lesions in multiple sclerosis