This comparative study examines the evolving nature of pastoral livelihoods and labour organisation in Tanzania, focusing on the divergent pathways of sedentarisation and market-oriented pastoralism. Drawing on primary data from contrasting agro-pastoral and pastoral communities, the analysis investigates how labour allocation, household decision-making, and cooperative structures adapt to pressures of climate variability, land tenure changes, and market integration. The findings reveal a spectrum of strategies, from labour-intensive diversification to specialised livestock enterprises, each presenting distinct trade-offs for economic resilience and social cohesion. The study concludes that policy interventions must account for this heterogeneity to effectively support sustainable pastoral economies in eastern Africa.
Abraham Kuol Nyuon (Ph.D) (Sat,) studied this question.