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Genes of the post-squalene ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been overexpressed in a systematic approach with the aim to construct yeast strains that produce high amounts of sterols from a squalene-accumulating strain. This strain had previously been deregulated by overexpressing a truncated HMG-CoA reductase (tHMG1) in the main bottleneck of the early ergosterol pathway. The overexpression of the gene ERG1 (squalene epoxidase) induced a significant decrease of the direct substrate squalene, a high increase of lanosterol, and a small increase of later sterols. The overexpression of the ERG11 gene encoding the sterol-14alpha-demethylase resulted in a decrease of lanosterol and an increase of downstream sterols. When these two genes were simultaneously overexpressed, later sterols from zymosterol to ergosterol accumulated and the content of squalene was decreased about three-fold, indicating that these steps had limited the transformation of squalene into sterols. The total sterol content in this strain was three-fold higher than in a wild-type strain.
Veen et al. (Tue,) studied this question.