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A modification to Kirchhoff's free streamline introduces the parameter k = √ (1- Cₚs), which allows arbitrary base pressure and which must depend on the dynamics of the wake. For a cylinder of given cross-sectional shape, the drag, CD, and the wake width, d', are functions of k only. These functions are used to relate CD and the dimensionless shedding frequency, S = nd/U_ ∞ to another number, S* = nd' / Uₛ, which is based on wake parameters. It is found that S* = 0. 16 for all cylinders. In another approach, k is evaluated by using Karman's solution for the vortex street.
A. Roshko (Tue,) studied this question.