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In optoelectronics, luminescence under applied voltage and photocurrent generation under illumination are central to light-emitting diodes and solar cells, respectively. While in many cases these processes are perfectly reciprocal, and can be related via simple equations, in some relevant situations this symmetry disappears. The authors study the limits of reciprocity for several luminescence-based approaches commonly used to analyze organic solar cells, and find a few situations in which assuming reciprocity could be problematic.
Kirchartz et al. (Tue,) studied this question.