Joint Optimization of Dimension Reduction and Mixed-Precision Quantization for Activation Compression of Neural Networks

Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved eye-catching results in various applications. However, intensive memory access of activations introduces considerable energy consumption, resulting in a great challenge for deploying CNNs on resource-constrained edge devices. Existing research utilizes dimension reduction (DR) and mixed-precision (MP) quantization separately to reduce computational complexity without paying attention to their interaction. Such naïve concatenation of different compression strategies ends up with suboptimal performance. To develop a comprehensive compression framework, we propose an optimization system by jointly considering DR and MP quantization, which is enabled by independent groupwise learnable MP schemes. Group partitioning is guided by a well-designed automatic group partition mechanism that can distinguish compression priorities among channels, and it can deal with the tradeoff between model accuracy and compressibility. Moreover, to preserve model accuracy under low bit-width quantization, we propose a dynamic bit-width searching technique to enable continuous bit-width reduction. Our experimental results show that the proposed system reaches 69.03%/70.73% with average 2.16/2.61 bits per value on Resnet18/MobileNetV2, while introducing only approximately 1% accuracy loss of the uncompressed full-precision models. Compared with individual activation compression schemes, the proposed joint optimization system reduces 55%/9% (−2.62/−0.27 bits) memory access of DR and 55%/63% (−2.60/−4.52 bits) memory access of MP quantization, respectively, on Resnet18/ MobileNetV2 with comparable or even higher accuracy.