Context. Solar twins, stars whose stellar parameters (effective temperature, Teff; surface gravity, log g; and metallicity, M/H) are very close to those of the Sun, offer a unique opportunity to investigate Galactic archaeology with very high accuracy and precision. However, most previous catalogs of solar twins contain only a small number of objects (typically a few dozen), and their selection functions are poorly characterized. Aims. Our aim is to build a large catalog of solar twins from Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec data, providing stellar parameters and ages determined using a model-driven (rather than a data-driven) method, together with a well-characterized selection function. Methods. Using stellar parameters from the Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec catalog, we selected solar twin candidates whose parameters lie within ±200 K in Teff, ±0.2 in log g, and ±0.1 dex in M/H of the solar values. Candidates unlikely to be genuine solar twins were removed using Gaia flags and photometric constraints. We determined accurate ages for individual twins with a Bayesian isochroneprojection method by considering three combinations of parameters: Teff and M/H combined with either log g, MG, or MKs. We also constructed a mock catalog to characterize the properties and selection function of our observed sample. Results. Our final GSP-Spec solar twin catalog contains 6594 stars. The mock catalog consisting of 75 588 artificial twins reproduces the main characteristics of the observed catalog well, especially for ages determined with MG or MKs. To demonstrate the usefulness of our catalog, we compared chemical abundances X/Fe with age. We statistically confirmed the age-X/Fe relations for several species (e.g., Al, Si, Ca, and Y), demonstrating that trends previously identified in small but very high precision samples persist in a much larger, independent sample. Conclusions. Our study bridges small high-precision solar twin samples and large data-driven ones by providing a large sample with model-driven stellar parameters and a quantified selection function, enabling demographic studies of solar twins.
Taniguchi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.