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The kinetics of polaron recombination into bipolarons in polypyrrole has been studied by optical-absorption spectroscopy on films doped in situ in an electrochemical cell. ESR studies confirm that the metastable states possess spin, while the stable states do not. The data reveal a slow evolution, consistent with polaron-diffusion rates limited by the mobility of the accompanying counterion.
Kaufman et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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