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The formation of μ-OO peroxide (Co-OO-Co) moieties on spinel Co3O4 electrocatalyst prior to the rise of the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) current was identified by in situ spectroscopic methods. Through a combination of independent in situ X-ray absorption, grazing-angle X-ray diffraction, and Raman analysis, we observed a clear coincidence between the formation of μ-OO peroxide moieties and the rise of the anodic peak during OER. This finding implies that a chemical reaction step could be generally ignored before the onset of OER current. More importantly, the tetrahedral Co2+ ions in the spinel Co3O4 could be the vital species to initiate the formation of the μ-OO peroxide moieties.
Wang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.