An integrated multi-criteria decision-making and multi-objective optimization framework for green supplier evaluation and optimal order allocation under uncertainty

This study presents an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and multi-objective optimization model for green supplier evaluation and optimal order allocation under uncertainty. The Fuzzy-Delphi method is used to refine supplier evaluation criteria, determining the weight of criteria, and prioritize the suppliers based on green and resilient indexes. Gray Correlation method and TOPSIS (GC-TOPSIS) are used to analyze the results. The synthesized criteria for evaluating green suppliers include contamination control, green research and development, environmental costs, environmental competencies, environmental management system, and green design capability. The synthesized resilience criteria include observability, technological capabilities, flexibility, agility, vulnerability, risk management culture, and adaptability.