Comparing the efficacy and safety of biportal endoscopic discectomy with microscopic discectomy for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc: a multicentre, prospective, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial

BED is as effective as MD in treating single-level lumbar disc herniation but has distinct advantages in terms of postoperative wound complications. Additionally, BED may offer potential benefits in terms of early postoperative surgical site pain, scar aesthetics, and muscle preservation as indicated by CPK levels. These findings suggest that BED is a safe and effective alternative to MD, offering the benefits of minimal invasiveness while maintaining clinical efficacy.