In the Uyghur society in southern Xinjiang under the Qing dynasty's rule, Uyghur beg officials were appointed by the Qing government and administration was carried out under the supervision of Qing dynasty bureaucrats. Among them, Ḥākim Beg (local governor), a highest ranking beg official in each oasis city, exercised administrative power in Uyghur society backed by the political authority and military power of the Qing dynasty, while also acting as a ruler who maintained Muslim society. This paper sheds light on the real character of the beg officials by clarifying the specific aspects of the achievements of Ẓuhūr al-Dīn, who served as Ḥākim Beg in Kashgar from 1831 to 1847, from various perspectives.
Yasushi Shinmen (Thu,) studied this question.