The paper discusses three key topics in detail: Market-Based Flexibility Procurement by DSOs Supporting Grid Tools for Active System Management Applicability of Flexibility Mechanisms and their trade-off with Investments The discussion paper raised several challenges and proposed different solutions to overcome these challenges. Overall, the paper concludes that the challenge of integrating flexibility in the DSO sphere is complex, necessitating additional guidance and research on how to correctly trade-off between different flexibility mechanisms and grid investments. This publication was prepared for the International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN) by its Working Group 6. ISGAN is organized as the Implementing Agreement for a Co-operative Programme on Smart Grids (ISGAN) and operates under a framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The views, findings and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of any of ISGAN’s participants, any of their sponsoring governments or organizations, the IEA Secretariat, or any of its member countries.
Kessels et al. (Tue,) studied this question.